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Advice on fishing opportunities for Northeast Arctic cod in 2025 in ICES subareas 1 and 2

Author(s): Joint Russian-Norwegian Working Group on Arctic Fisheries (JRN-AFWG)

Report series: IMR-PINRO 2024-6 Published: 21.06.2024 Updated: 09.07.2024
Subject: Skrei (nordøstarktisk torsk)
Approved by: Research Director(s): Geir Huse Program leader(s): Maria Fossheim

Stock Name: Northeast Arctic cod (ICES areas 1 and 2)

 

Advice on fishing opportunities

The Joint Russian-Norwegian Arctic Fisheries Working Group (JRN-AFWG) advises that when the Joint Norwegian–Russian Fisheries Commission management plan is applied, catches in 2025 should be no more than 311 587 tonnes.

Stock development over time

Fishing pressure on the stock is above Fpa and below Flim and within the Fmgt range. The spawning-stock biomass is currently above MSY Btrigger, Bpa and Blim.

Four graphs showing catch history, recruitment history, F history and stock history.
Figure 1. Cod in ICES subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic). Catch, recruitment, F, SSB and TSB (total stock biomass, age 3+) with 95 % confidence levels. The biomass reference points relate to SSB. For this stock, Fmgt ranges from 0.40 to 0.60, and there are three SSBmgt values (460 000, 920 000 and 1 380 000 tonnes). 

 

Catch scenarios

Variable Value Notes
F ages 5–10 (2024) 0.589 Fsq =F2023. From assessment
SSB (2025) 450 572 From assessment
R age 3 (2024) 587 000 From recruitment model
R age 3 (2025) 450 000 From recruitment model
R age 3 (2026) 375 000 From recruitment model
R age 3 (2027) 340 000 From recruitment model
Total catch (2024) 477 185 Corresponding to Fsq
Table 1. Cod in ICES subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic). Assumptions made for the interim year and in the forecast. SSB, catch in tonnes, and recruitment in thousands.
Basis Total catch (2025) F (2025) SSB (2026) % SSB change * % TAC change ** % Advice change ***
Management plan^ 311 587 0.43 410 740 -9 -31 -31
Other options            
FMSY **** 292 245 0.40 425 617 -6 -36 -36
F = 0 0 0 664 770 48 -100 -100
F = F2023 395 821 0.589 347 651 -23 -13 -13
Fpa 292 245 0.40 425 617 -6 -36 -36
Flim 466 835 0.74 296 859 -34 3 3
Table 2. Cod in ICES subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic). Annual catch options. All weights are in tonnes.

* SSB 2026 relative to SSB 2025.

** Advice for 2025 relative to TAC for 2024 (453 427 tonnes).

*** Advice for 2025 relative to advice for 2024.

**** F = 0.40 corresponds to the lower bound of the FMSY range (0.40-0.60), F not reduced for SSB being below Bpa .

^ Since SSB in 2025 is below Bpa = 460 000 t, F = 0.40*SSB(2025)/Bpa = 0.3918 is used in the 3-year prediction, giving catches of 287 330, 309 101 and 338 329 tonnes in 2025, 2026 and 2027, respectively. The average of this is 311 587 tonnes. As SSB is below B pa in 2025, the 20% limit on annual change in TAC does not apply.

The advice for 2025 is 31% lower than the advice for 2024. The downward adjustment of stock size since last year’s assessment and the declining stock trend both contribute to the reduction in advice. In addition, the 20% TAC change constraint (Table 3) was applied in the advice for 2024, resulting in higher advice than that resulting from the target F (Ftr ). The stability constraint does not apply for 2025 because SSB has dropped below Bpa, and therefore advice for 2025 corresponds to target F (Ftr ), and is considerably lower than the advice for 2024.

Basis of the advice

Advice basis Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission management plan
Management plan At the 46th meeting of the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission (JNRFC) in October 2016, the previously used management plan was amended, and the current plan is as follows: The TAC is calculated as the average catch predicted for the coming 3 years, using the target level of exploitation (Ftr). The target level of exploitation is calculated according to the spawning-stock biomass (SSB) in the first year of the forecast as follows: - if SSB < Bpa , then Ftr = SSB / Bpa  × FMSY ; - if Bpa ≤ SSB ≤ 2×Bpa , then Ftr  = FMSY ; - if 2 × B pa < SSB < 3 × Bpa , then Ftr  = FMSY  × (1 + 0.5 × (SSB – 2 × Bpa ) / Bpa ); - if SSB ≥ 3 × Bpa , then Ftr  = 1.5 × FMSY ; where FMSY  = 0.40 and Bpa  = 460 000 tonnes. If the spawning-stock biomass in the present year, the previous year, and each of the three years of prediction is above Bpa, the TAC should not be changed by more than ±20% compared with the previous year’s TAC. In this case, Ftr should however not be below 0.30. In 2014, JNRFC decided that from 2015 onwards, Norway and Russia can transfer to or borrow from the following year up to 10% of the country's quota. In 2021, this was increased to 15% as an extraordinary measure for transfers between 2021 and 2022 only. ICES evaluated this harvest control rule in 2016 (ICES, 2016) and 2021 (ICES, 2021) and concluded that it is precautionary.
Table 3. Cod in ICES subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic). The basis of the advice.

Quality of the assessment

After the 2021 benchmark, the assessment has been relatively consistent from year to year. Recruitment predictions in recent years have been overestimates.

Three graphs showing recruitment (age 3), SSB and F retrospective plot.
Figure 2 Cod in ICES subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic). Historical assessment results. There was a benchmark revision in 2021. The shaded areas indicate the 95% confidence intervals for the 2024 assessment

 

 

 

Issues relevant for the advice

Due to the temporary suspension of Russian scientists from ICES, this assessment was as in 2022 and 2023 conducted by a Joint Russian-Norwegian Arctic Fisheries Working Group (JRN-AFWG) consisting of scientists from VNIRO (Russia) and IMR (Norway) (Howell et al., 2024).

This advice has been conducted outside ICES and should not be considered as ICES advice. However, this assessment and advice has been produced following the methodology agreed at the ICES benchmark in 2021 (ICES, 2021).

Fisheries targeting Northeast Arctic (NEA) cod take as bycatch a considerable part of the total golden redfish ( Sebastes norvegicus) catch, and the bycatch of the latter species is still above any sustainable catch level. Bycatch of golden redfish should be kept as low as possible. Bycatch of coastal cod should be kept as low as possible in order to avoid overfishing of the coastal cod (Gadus morhua) stocks (ICES, 2024).

The model for predicting recruitment has been revised. The new model only uses survey data, and environmental data are no longer used (Howell et al., 2024). Estimated recruitment has been below the long-term average since the 2014 year class.

The predictions for 2025 and following years indicate that SSB will be below Bpa and that catches and total stock biomass will increase slightly after 2025, while SSB will reach its lowest level in 2027 and then increase slightly.

In recent years stock size has been overestimated (particularly before the 2021 benchmark) and the stock is declining due to recruitment being below average. In this situation, the 20% limit on annual TAC change has led to fishing pressure well above the target in the HCR for several years. The SSB has now fallen below Bpa, and to continue to apply the stability constraint would no longer be precautionary. The allowed 10% quota transfer between years compounds this issue in the current situation with the spawning stock declining below Bpa.

Reference points

Framework Reference point Value Technical basis Source
MSY approach MSY Btrigger 460 000 t Bpa , and trigger point in HCR ICES (2003, 2021)
FMSY range 0.40 – 0.60 Long-term simulations ICES (2003, 2021)
Precautionary approach Blim 220 000 t Change point regression ICES (2003, 2021)
Bpa 460 000 t The lowest SSB estimate having >90% probability of remaining above B lim ICES (2003, 2021)
Flim 0.74 F corresponding to an equilibrium stock = B lim ICES (2003, 2021)
Fpa 0.40 The highest F estimate having >90% probability of remaining below F lim ICES (2003, 2021)
Management plan SSBmgt 460 000 t Two-step (double hockey-stick) HCR, see Table 3 ICES (2017)
Fmgt 0.40 – 0.60 Two-step (double hockey-stick) HCR, see Table 3 ICES (2017)
Table 4. Cod in ICES subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic). Reference points, values, and their technical basis.

Basis of the assessment

ICES stock data category 1
Assessment type Age-based analytical assessment (SAM) that uses catches in the model and in the forecast.
Input data Commercial catches (international landings, ages and length frequencies from catch sampling); four survey indices (Joint bottom trawl survey Barents Sea, Jan–Mar; Joint acoustic survey Barents Sea and Lofoten, Feb–Mar; Russian bottom trawl survey, October–December; Joint Ecosystem survey); annual maturity data from the four surveys; natural mortalities from annual stomach sampling.
Discards and bycatch Discarding is considered negligible in recent years (below 5%). Bycatch is included.
Indicators None.
Other information The methodology of assessment adopted by the last ICES benchmark for the stock in February 2021 (ICES, 2021) was followed, except for the recruitment predictions.
Working group Joint Russian-Norwegian Arctic Fisheries Working Group (JRN-AFWG).
Table 5. Cod in ICES subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic). Basis of the assessment and advice.

History of the advice, catch, and management

Year ICES advice Catch corresponding to advice Agreed TAC Official catches Unreported landings (included in ICES catches) ICES catches
1987 Gradual reduction in F 595000 560000 552000   523071
1988 F = 0.51; TAC (Advice November 1987, revised advice May 1988) 530000 (320000–360000) 590000 (451000) 459000   434939
1989 Large reduction in F 335000 300000 348000   332481
1990 F at Flow; TAC 172000 160000 210000 25000 212000
1991 F at Flow; TAC 215000 215000 294000 50000 319158
1992 Within safe biological limits 250000 356000 421000 130000 513234
1993 Healthy stock 256000 500000 575000 50000 581611
1994 No long-term gains in increased F 649000 700000 795000 25000 771086
1995 No long-term gains in increased F 681000 700000 763000   739999
1996 No long-term gains in increased F 746000 700000 759000   732228
1997 Well below Fmed < 993000 850000 792000   762403
1998 F less than Fmed 514000 654000 615000   592624
1999 Reduce F to below Fpa 360000 480000 506000   484910
2000 Increase B above Bpa in 2001 110000 390000     414870
2001 High probability of SSB> Bpa in 2003 263000 395000     426471
2002 Reduce F to well below 0.25 181000 395000   90000 535045
2003 Reduce F to below Fpa 305000 395000   115000 551990
2004 Reduce F to below Fpa 398000 486000   117000 606445
2005 Take into account coastal cod and redfish bycatches. Apply catch rule. 485000 485000   166000 641276
2006 Take into account coastal cod and redfish bycatches. Apply amended catch rule. 471000 471000   67100 537642
2007 Take into account coastal cod and redfish bycatches. Fpa 309000 424000   41087 486883
2008 Take into account coastal cod and redfish bycatches. Apply catch rule. 409000 430000   15000 464171
2009 Take into account coastal cod and redfish bycatches. Apply catch rule. 473000 525000   0 523431
2010 Take into account coastal cod and redfish bycatches. Apply catch rule. 577500 607000   0 609983
2011 Take into account coastal cod and redfish bycatches. Apply catch rule. 703000 703000   0 719829
2012 Take into account coastal cod and redfish bycatches. Apply catch rule. 751000 751000   0 727663
2013 Take into account coastal cod and S. marinus ^^ bycatches. Apply catch rule. 940000 1000000   0 966209
2014 Take into account coastal cod and S. marinus^^ bycatches. Apply catch rule. 993000 993000   0 986449
2015 Take into account coastal cod and S. norvegicus bycatches. Apply catch rule. 894000 894000   0 864384
2016 Take into account coastal cod and S. norvegicus bycatches. Apply catch rule. 805000 894000   0 849422
2017 Take into account coastal cod and S. norvegicus bycatches. Apply management plan. ≤ 805000 890000 ^   0 868276
2018 Take into account coastal cod and S. norvegicus bycatches. Apply management plan. 712000 775000   0 778627
2019 Take into account coastal cod and S. norvegicus bycatches. Apply management plan. 674678 725000   0 692609
2020 Apply management plan ≤ 689672 738000   0 692903
2021 Apply management plan ≤ 885600 885600   0 767284^^^
2022 Apply management plan ≤ 708480 708480   0 719211^^^
2023 Apply management plan^^^ ≤ 566784 566784   0 582552^^^
2024 Apply management plan^^^ ≤ 453427 453427      
2025 Apply management plan^^^ ≤ 311587        
Table 6. Cod in ICES subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic). ICES advice, agreed TACs, the official and unreported landings, and ICES catches. All weights are in tonnes.

^ The 2017 TAC was set according to the management plan agreed by JNRFC in October 2016.

^^ Until 2014 this species was named Sebastes marinus , thereafter Sebastes norvegicus.

^^^ In 2022-2024 assessment and advice was carried out by the Joint Russian-Norwegian Arctic Fisheries working group (JRN-AFWG) which compiled catches for 2021-2023 and gave advice for 2023-2025.

History of catch and landings

Year Faroe Islands France German Dem.Rep. Fed.Rep. Germany Greenland Iceland Norway Poland United Kingdom Russia** Spain Others Total
1961 3934 13755 3921 8129     268377 -   158113 325780   1212 783221
1962 3109 20482 1532 6503     225615 -   175020 476760   245 909266
1963 - 18318 129 4223     205056 108   129779 417964   - 775577
1964 - 8634 297 3202     149878 -   94549 180550   585 437695
1965 - 526 91 3670     197085 -   89962 152780   816 444930
1966 - 2967 228 4284     203792 -   103012 169300   121 483704
1967 - 664 45 3632     218910 -   87008 262340   6 572605
1968 - - 225 1073     255611 -   140387 676758   - 1074084
1969 29374 - 5907 5543     305241 7856   231066 612215   133 1197226
1970 26265 44245 12413 9451     377606 5153   181481 276632   - 933246
1971 5877 34772 4998 9726     407044 1512   80102 144802   215 689048
1972 1393 8915 1300 3405     394181 892   58382 96653   166 565287
1973 1916 17028 4684 16751     285184 843   78808 387196   276 792686
1974 5717 46028 4860 78507     287276 9898   90894 540801   38453 1102434
1975 11309 28734 9981 30037     277099 7435   101843 343580   19368 829377
1976 11511 20941 8946 24369     344502 6986   89061 343057   18090 867463
1977 9167 15414 3463 12763     388982 1084   86781 369876   17771 905301
1978 9092 9394 3029 5434     363088 566   35449 267138   5525 698715
1979 6320 3046 547 2513     294821 15   17991 105846   9439 440538
1980 9981 1705 233 1921     232242 3   10366 115194   8789 380434
1981 12825 3106 298 2228     277818     5262 83000 14500 - 399037
1982 11998 761 302 1717     287525     6601 40311 14515 - 363730
1983 11106 126 473 1243     234000     5840 22975 14229 - 289992
1984 10674 11 686 1010     230743     3663 22256 8608 - 277651
1985 13418 23 1019 4395     211065     3335 62489 7846 4330 307920
1986 18667 591 1543 10092     232096     7581 150541 5497 3505 430113
1987 15036 1 986 7035     268004     10957 202314 16223 2515 523071
1988 15329 2551 605 2803     223412     8107 169365 10905 1862 434939
1989 15625 3231 326 3291     158684     7056 134593 7802 1273 332481
1990 9584 592 169 1437     88737     3412 74609 7950 510 187000
1991 8981 975   2613     126226     3981 119427*** 3677 3278 269158
1992 11663 2   3911 3337   168460     6120 182315 6217 1209 383234
1993 17435 3572   5887 5389 9374 221051     11336 244860 8800 3907 531611
1994 22826 1962   8283 6882 36737 318395     15579 291925 14929 28568 746086
1995 22262 4912   7428 7462 34214 319987     16329 296158 15505 15742 739999
1996 17758 5352   8326 6529 23005 319158     16061 305317 15871 14851 732228
1997 20076 5353   6680 6426 4200 357825     18066 313344 17130 13303 762403
1998 14290 1197   3841 6388 1423 284647     14294 244115 14212 8217 592624
1999 13700 2137   3019 4093 1985 223390     11315 210379 8994 5898 484910
2000 13350 2621   3513 5787 7562 192860     9165 166202 8695 5115 414870
2001 12500 2681   4524 5727 5917 188431     8698 183572 9196 5225 426471
2002 15693 2934   4517 6419 5975 202559     8977 184072 8414 5484 445045
2003 19427 2921   4732 7026 5963 191977     8711 182160 7924 6149 436990
2004 19226 3621   6187 8196 7201 212117     14004 201525 11285 6082 489445
2005 16273 3491   5848 8135 5874 207825     10744 200077 9349 7660 475276
2006 16327 4376   3837 8164 5972 201987     10594 203782 9219 6271 470527
2007 14788 3190   4619 5951 7316 199809     9298 186229 9496 5101 445796
2008 15812 3149   4955 5617 7535 196598     8287 190225 9658 7336 449171
2009 16905 3908   8585 4977 7380 224298     8632 229291 12013 7442 523431
2010 15977 4499   8442 6584 11299 264701     9091 267547 12657 9185 609983
2011 13429 1173   4621 7155 12734 331535     8210 310326 13291 17354^ 719829
2012 17523 2841   8500 8520 9536 315739     11166 329943 12814 11081 727663
2013 13833 7858   8010 7885 14734 438734     12536 432314 15042 15263 966209
2014 33298 8149   6225 10864 18205 431846     14762 433479 16378 13243 986449
2015 26568 7480   6427 7055 16120 377983     11778 381778 19905 9880 864384
2016 24084 7946   6336 8607 16031 348949     13583 394107 14640 15139 849422
2017 28637 9554   5977 13638 11925 357419     16731 396180 14414 13802 868276
2018 26152 6605   9768 12743 10708 333539     11533 340364 13143 14071 778627
2019 22270 6371   8470 7553 12294 282120     11214 316813 13939 11565 692609
2020 21679 5796   9725 7391 9734 289472     12113 312683 11403 12908 692903
2021 21767 4459   6190 8246 8933 337931     5426 352064 11080 11188 767284^^
2022 21530 4988   7134 7688 6214 310145     7024 333697 12214 8577 719211^^
2023* 17556 4632   5630 3994 5157 242117     5972 276923 8030 12539 582552^^
Table 7. Cod in ICES subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic). History of commercial landings by country. All weights are in tonnes.

* Provisional figures.

** USSR prior to 1991.

*** Includes Baltic countries.

^ Includes unspecified EU catches.

^^ In 2022-2024 assessment and advice was carried out by the Joint Russian-Norwegian Arctic Fisheries working group (JRN-AFWG) which compiled catches for 2021-2023 and gave advice for 2023-2025.

Summary of the assessment

Year Recruitment Spawning-stock biomass Total catch Fishing mortality
Recruitment (Age 3) Low High SSB Low High F (ages 5–10) Low High  
thousands Tonnes tonnes  
1946 1130233 782413 1632676 952985 800875 1133985 706000 0.25 0.21 0.297  
1947 591326 415003 842564 902641 766858 1062465 882017 0.309 0.268 0.357  
1948 451445 314708 647594 784654 662164 929804 774295 0.348 0.303 0.399  
1949 632170 446972 894103 594887 511210 692260 800122 0.369 0.323 0.421  
1950 1020622 724002 1438764 535869 471032 609630 731982 0.382 0.335 0.436  
1951 2411969 1715606 3390985 495077 440550 556353 827180 0.412 0.363 0.468  
1952 2316011 1661589 3228179 488765 431752 553306 876795 0.459 0.404 0.521  
1953 2400790 1726293 3338828 412395 362012 469790 695546 0.412 0.362 0.468  
1954 832049 598733 1156285 408300 361237 461494 826021 0.438 0.386 0.496  
1955 384305 276330 534471 327878 294448 365103 1147841 0.518 0.46 0.584  
1956 752521 542353 1044132 281174 253768 311540 1343068 0.57 0.505 0.642  
1957 1430781 1033581 1980624 212263 191141 235718 792557 0.528 0.468 0.594  
1958 929342 673739 1281916 205421 183124 230432 769313 0.526 0.467 0.591  
1959 1310632 953458 1801609 434410 385584 489419 744607 0.546 0.486 0.613  
1960 1473685 1071921 2026033 384829 339043 436798 622042 0.539 0.48 0.606  
1961 1541584 1120349 2121198 386500 343409 434997 783221 0.634 0.569 0.706  
1962 1249285 907074 1720602 315322 283702 350467 909266 0.743 0.667 0.827  
1963 909205 656361 1259451 215906 194672 239457 776337 0.815 0.728 0.913  
1964 473764 339569 660992 200247 179799 223021 437695 0.678 0.606 0.758  
1965 880243 633004 1224048 108045 96205 121342 444930 0.578 0.514 0.65  
1966 1844090 1333855 2549503 121054 109013 134425 483711 0.548 0.487 0.616  
1967 1310906 948031 1812679 128761 115864 143094 572605 0.556 0.495 0.624  
1968 182428 131677 252740 222997 203163 244768 1074084 0.599 0.536 0.669  
1969 110961 80030 153849 148877 134375 164944 1197226 0.709 0.635 0.791  
1970 207795 149675 288485 242004 218242 268354 933246 0.698 0.625 0.778  
1971 406859 294328 562415 330344 294058 371107 689048 0.646 0.577 0.723  
1972 1052424 766767 1444501 353349 312102 400047 565254 0.659 0.587 0.739  
1973 1711725 1243345 2356549 334153 291007 383695 792685 0.627 0.56 0.702  
1974 566788 417220 769972 159026 135878 186119 1102433 0.611 0.546 0.684  
1975 607022 445669 826792 133536 119587 149111 829377 0.658 0.592 0.732  
1976 600127 438284 821735 167187 151747 184198 867463 0.705 0.635 0.783  
1977 371249 273380 504156 335946 299959 376250 905301 0.818 0.737 0.907  
1978 625497 458765 852825 227795 199875 259615 698715 0.855 0.77 0.95  
1979 204057 149622 278296 180383 157725 206297 440538 0.772 0.694 0.859  
1980 131441 98688 175064 108436 96869 121385 380434 0.76 0.684 0.845  
1981 144740 110608 189404 161279 146194 177921 399038 0.793 0.715 0.878  
1982 182264 141795 234284 321325 288801 357511 363730 0.774 0.7 0.857  
1983 140731 109488 180889 311431 280593 345658 289992 0.791 0.716 0.874  
1984 441833 347228 562213 243534 222581 266459 277651 0.868 0.787 0.958  
1985 528650 424589 658215 195541 178748 213912 307920 0.81 0.734 0.894  
1986 1361054 1081645 1712640 163901 150099 178972 430113 0.874 0.794 0.961  
1987 355144 281787 447598 114908 104606 126225 523071 0.928 0.842 1.023  
1988 331994 263852 417735 191457 173310 211504 434939 0.885 0.794 0.986  
1989 158526 127189 197583 237314 212827 264618 332481 0.668 0.595 0.749  
1990 132617 104649 168058 303355 266838 344869 212000 0.424 0.368 0.488  
1991 299280 237247 377533 635806 565709 714589 319158 0.408 0.358 0.465  
1992 714113 574019 888397 801872 721261 891493 513234 0.487 0.434 0.545  
1993 986989 793395 1227821 698491 632804 770997 581611 0.587 0.527 0.653  
1994 749130 601448 933073 568725 519659 622423 771086 0.748 0.674 0.83  
1995 536724 431259 667981 532870 486039 584213 739999 0.771 0.697 0.854  
1996 400745 321069 500193 551369 498113 610319 732228 0.791 0.715 0.876  
1997 772850 618928 965051 546260 488948 610291 762403 0.938 0.852 1.032  
1998 1043689 833201 1307350 386165 346209 430732 592624 0.942 0.857 1.036  
1999 622788 496660 780947 280597 252555 311752 484910 0.94 0.855 1.033  
2000 745072 596683 930364 255138 233866 278344 414868 0.849 0.77 0.937  
2001 590310 473196 736410 383239 347133 423101 426471 0.741 0.669 0.822  
2002 374816 301025 466696 520404 471126 574838 535045 0.682 0.615 0.756  
2003 758231 610705 941395 570813 518018 628988 551990 0.637 0.573 0.709  
2004 242815 198411 297155 664368 603916 730870 606445 0.711 0.641 0.789  
2005 692086 564235 848906 576671 525642 632655 641276 0.716 0.643 0.797  
2006 538831 439149 661139 579579 528937 635069 537642 0.615 0.549 0.69  
2007 1255333 1018126 1547806 644011 584199 709947 486883 0.449 0.398 0.506  
2008 1015424 818187 1260209 712366 646771 784613 464171 0.366 0.323 0.415  
2009 591345 475309 735708 1001388 911248 1100444 523430 0.312 0.273 0.356  
2010 206731 161844 264066 1229135 1116992 1352537 609983 0.296 0.259 0.338  
2011 365681 288806 463018 1782709 1613658 1969470 719830 0.313 0.274 0.358  
2012 510602 409951 635966 1997429 1801933 2214136 727663 0.295 0.258 0.338  
2013 469476 372948 590989 2211080 1987269 2460098 966209 0.322 0.282 0.367  
2014 849995 680610 1061536 2089429 1868257 2336785 986449 0.34 0.298 0.387  
2015 449183 363260 555428 1676734 1490336 1886445 864384 0.339 0.299 0.384  
2016 283071 226982 353021 1335743 1188294 1501487 849422 0.359 0.317 0.407  
2017 760664 613566 943027 1363003 1232725 1507049 868276 0.393 0.347 0.444  
2018 486272 384693 614674 1226591 1113929 1350648 778627 0.411 0.363 0.465  
2019 622063 497411 777954 1161583 1050075 1284932 692609 0.429 0.38 0.484  
2020 529571 420661 666679 923962 834092 1023515 692903 0.479 0.425 0.54  
2021 368238 288158 470574 792317 714444 878678 767284 0.561 0.494 0.637  
2022 182355 137222 242331 674790 597676 761853 719211 0.582 0.501 0.677  
2023 231028 168283 317168 709740 599149 840745 582552 0.589 0.482 0.719  
2024 587000*     552219 418582 728522          
Table 8. Cod in ICES subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic). Assessment summary. High and low refer to 95% confidence bounds.

* Recruitment model estimate.

References

Howell et al. 2024. Report of the Joint Russian-Norwegian Arctic Fisheries Working Group (JRN-AFWG). IMR PINRO 2024-7. https://www.hi.no/hi/nettrapporter/imr-pinro-en-2024-7

ICES. 2003. Report of the Study Group on Biological Reference Points for Northeast Arctic Cod, 13–17 January 2003, Svanhovd, Norway. ICES CM 2003/ACFM:11. 39 pp.

ICES. 2016. Report of the second Workshop on Management Plan Evaluation on Northeast Arctic cod and haddock and Barents Sea capelin (WKNEAMP-2), 25-28 January 2016, Kirkenes, Norway. ICES CM 2016/ACOM:47, 76 pp.

ICES. 2017. Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG), 19–25 April 2017, ICES HQ, Copenhagen, Denmark. ICES CM 2017/ACOM:06. 493 pp.

ICES. 2021. Benchmark Workshop for Barents Sea and Faroese Stocks (WKBARFAR 2021).

ICES Scientific Reports. 3:21. 205 pp. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.7920

ICES 2024 AFWG

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