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Tagging a furious shark

Nesten

Powerful forces come into play when you want to tag a porbeagle shark. Porbeagles can reach up to three metres long and weigh 200 kilos.

Photo: Institute of Marine Research

For the first time, the Institute of Marine Research (IMR) has successfully tagged a porbeagle with a satellite tag. Now researchers can learn more about what the great white shark's "little brother" does in Norwegian waters.

Published: 20.09.2022 Updated: 10.10.2022 Author: Vibeke Lund Pettersen

While marine scientist and tagging expert Keno Ferter was at a meeting to discuss how to best tag porbeagles, several boats that take tourists for fishing in Lofoten reported that they are frequently catching the shark.

– We jumped on the next plane to Lofoten, says Ferter.

The porbeagle is a fast swimmer and is in the same family as the feared great white shark. Found along most of the Norwegian coast and in other northern seas, it can reach over 3 metres in length and weigh more than 200 kg. This means it is around half as big as the great white shark, yet this is still an impressive size when you want to tag this individual from a small angling boat.

Powerful forces

Ferter and his colleagues have lots of experience of tagging various species of “marine megafauna”. He himself has tagged everything from saithe to bluefin tuna weighing hundreds of kilos, and helped to tag a mackerel shark in Australia as well as basking shark in Norway earlier this summer.

Watch the video: Tagging the second largest shark in the world

Nevertheless, Ferter was not prepared for what happened when it was the porbeagle’s turn.

Håbrannen kjemper i mot, og man ser de skarpe tennene når den gaper like over vannflaten.

In theory, the porbeagle is harmless to humans, but like all mackerel sharks it has an impressive array of teeth comprising several rows that replace the front row teeth when they fall out in the heat of battle. Fortunately, the researchers avoided any close contact with the shark teeth.

Photo: Institute of Marine Research
Håbrannen er like under vannflaten, mens forskerne om bord på turistbåten forsøker å navigere den inn mot ripa på båten.

The Norwegian red list considers the porbeagle to be vulnerable, and it is on international lists of threatened or vulnerable species. In Norway, it is illegal to target the porbeagle when fishing, but for this tagging project the IMR was given special permission to target it.

Photo: Institute of Marine Research
Håbrannen har vridd seg oppned under vannflaten slik at man ser buken mens forskerne forsøker å få den nærmere.

In northern waters, the porbeagle is the most common member of the mackerel shark family, and it is widely distributed throughout the North Atlantic and Mediterranean, but also along the Norwegian coast and in the south-east Barents Sea.

Photo: Institute of Marine Research
Vannspruten står når håbrannens hale slår kraftig mot vannen. Halen stikker opp av vannet og er imponerende.

The porbeagle tends to reside further off shore, where it hunts at or near the surface. In winter, it probably descends to 200-700 metres below the surface. Satellite tagging can help researchers to learn more about the species and its vertical and horizontal space-use.

Photo: Institute of Marine Research
Håbrannen er nærmere båtens ripe. Forskerne forsøker å feste et tau rundt den for å holde den i ro slik at de kan gjennomføre merkingen.

Thanks to its robust set of teeth and impressive swimming abilities, the porbeagle can hunt fast shoaling fish like herring, mackerel and horse mackerel, as well as other species of fish and squid.

Photo: Institute of Marine Research

– Incredibly powerful forces come into play. I’ve never experienced anything so strong, and we have tagged bluefin tuna that weigh hundreds of kilos. The experience was both frightening and exciting. The porbeagle has many sharp teeth, and you have to treat them with respect, says Ferter.

Challenging job

In order to tag a porbeagle, you first have to get it to bite, and then you have to manage to haul it in. That requires strong fishing rods, a strong fishing line, wire and a whole fish as bait. Thanks to invaluable help from experienced fishing guides at Nordic Sea Angling in Lofoten, after two days the researchers managed to catch a porbeagle and get it close to the boat.

Å få håbrann på kroken stiller krav til valg av agn. Her brukes en halv sei til formålet, større enn skoen til forsker Keno Ferter.
You have to choose the right bait if you want a porbeagle to bite. Photo credit: Institute of Marine Research

But the hardest part of the job was still to come. How do you get an untamed shark weighing over 100 kilos to stay still long enough for you to attach the tag to its dorsal fin?

– Well, it is not easy! In order to keep the shark still we put a rope around its body, just in front of the dorsal fin, so that it lay up against the boat while we worked. The porbeagle we caught was around 2.5 metres long and weighed at least 100 kilos, says Keno Ferter.

– It put up a good fight, and it took some time for us to succeed by trial and error. Luckily, we got there in the end, and we are really happy to have demonstrated that it is possible to tag a porbeagle in Norwegian. We also lost another shark from the hook in the final step of the race, but we have learned a lot for next time we do this, says Ferter.

Each species of fish behaves in a completely different way, which means that the researchers have to adapt to their strategy.

– Bluefin tuna, for example, stay completely still provided we manage to get their head above water. The porbeagle, on the other hand, completely loses it if you do that, Ferter explains.

Til slutt fikk forskerne kontroll på den illsinte haien, og gjennomførte en vellykket merking. På bildet ligger håbrannen rolig helt inntil båten.
Finally, the scientists managed to get the furious shark under control and successfully tagged it. In half a year, the tag will release itself, and the scientists will find out more about what porbeagles are up to in Norwegian waters. Photo credit: Institute of Marine Research

Sharks on the Move

The satellite tagging of a porbeagle and basking shark off Lofoten is part of the project “Sharks on the Move”, which is looking at migratory sharks like the porbeagle, basking shark and spurdog. The aim is to learn more about the current and future distribution of these three species in Norwegian waters, using methods including tagging experiments and data modelling.

– The Porbeagle is known for being highly mobile and capable of travelling thousands of kilometres across the whole Atlantic, but unfortunately we know too little about where they spend their time in Norwegian waters and how they migrate, says shark researcher and project manager Claudia Junge.

In half a year the satellite tag will pop up and “send home” data from the first tagged porbeagle (see fact box about the tags). The researchers are aiming to tag a higher number of porbeagles and basking sharks next year. Some of those tags will enable them to follow their migration in real-time.

We would like your help!

Four eyes see better than two, and the Institute of Marine Research would still really appreciate the help of the general public.

If you see a porbeagle, basking shark or anything else unusual in the ocean or along the coast, please report your observation to our portal Marine Citizen Science (“Dugnad for Havet”)!

By doing that, you help us to learn more about ecosystems and the marine environment. And perhaps some researchers are ready to jump on a plane in response.

About the project «Sharks on the Move»

«Sharks on the Move: species distribution modelling of migratory sharks to inform ecosystem-based management under global change» is financed by the Research Council of Norway.

The project is led by the IMR and involves 20 experts from seven scientific partner institutions in Norway and overseas, as well as the Directorate of Fisheries and Runde Miljøsenter AS. The participating research institutions are the IMR, NIVA, NORCE, University of Oslo, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, CIBIO/University of Porto (Portugal) and University of Miami (US).

The project’s advisory board is made up of renowned British and French experts on the movement ecology of sharks, as well as representatives of the Norwegian Environment Agency and Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre.


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Tagging a furious shark

Nesten

Powerful forces come into play when you want to tag a porbeagle shark. Porbeagles can reach up to three metres long and weigh 200 kilos.

Photo: Institute of Marine Research

For the first time, the Institute of Marine Research (IMR) has successfully tagged a porbeagle with a satellite tag. Now researchers can learn more about what the great white shark's "little brother" does in Norwegian waters.

Published: 20.09.2022 Updated: 10.10.2022 Author: Vibeke Lund Pettersen

While marine scientist and tagging expert Keno Ferter was at a meeting to discuss how to best tag porbeagles, several boats that take tourists for fishing in Lofoten reported that they are frequently catching the shark.

– We jumped on the next plane to Lofoten, says Ferter.

The porbeagle is a fast swimmer and is in the same family as the feared great white shark. Found along most of the Norwegian coast and in other northern seas, it can reach over 3 metres in length and weigh more than 200 kg. This means it is around half as big as the great white shark, yet this is still an impressive size when you want to tag this individual from a small angling boat.

Powerful forces

Ferter and his colleagues have lots of experience of tagging various species of “marine megafauna”. He himself has tagged everything from saithe to bluefin tuna weighing hundreds of kilos, and helped to tag a mackerel shark in Australia as well as basking shark in Norway earlier this summer.

Watch the video: Tagging the second largest shark in the world

Nevertheless, Ferter was not prepared for what happened when it was the porbeagle’s turn.

Håbrannen kjemper i mot, og man ser de skarpe tennene når den gaper like over vannflaten.

In theory, the porbeagle is harmless to humans, but like all mackerel sharks it has an impressive array of teeth comprising several rows that replace the front row teeth when they fall out in the heat of battle. Fortunately, the researchers avoided any close contact with the shark teeth.

Photo: Institute of Marine Research
Håbrannen er like under vannflaten, mens forskerne om bord på turistbåten forsøker å navigere den inn mot ripa på båten.

The Norwegian red list considers the porbeagle to be vulnerable, and it is on international lists of threatened or vulnerable species. In Norway, it is illegal to target the porbeagle when fishing, but for this tagging project the IMR was given special permission to target it.

Photo: Institute of Marine Research
Håbrannen har vridd seg oppned under vannflaten slik at man ser buken mens forskerne forsøker å få den nærmere.

In northern waters, the porbeagle is the most common member of the mackerel shark family, and it is widely distributed throughout the North Atlantic and Mediterranean, but also along the Norwegian coast and in the south-east Barents Sea.

Photo: Institute of Marine Research
Vannspruten står når håbrannens hale slår kraftig mot vannen. Halen stikker opp av vannet og er imponerende.

The porbeagle tends to reside further off shore, where it hunts at or near the surface. In winter, it probably descends to 200-700 metres below the surface. Satellite tagging can help researchers to learn more about the species and its vertical and horizontal space-use.

Photo: Institute of Marine Research
Håbrannen er nærmere båtens ripe. Forskerne forsøker å feste et tau rundt den for å holde den i ro slik at de kan gjennomføre merkingen.

Thanks to its robust set of teeth and impressive swimming abilities, the porbeagle can hunt fast shoaling fish like herring, mackerel and horse mackerel, as well as other species of fish and squid.

Photo: Institute of Marine Research

– Incredibly powerful forces come into play. I’ve never experienced anything so strong, and we have tagged bluefin tuna that weigh hundreds of kilos. The experience was both frightening and exciting. The porbeagle has many sharp teeth, and you have to treat them with respect, says Ferter.

Challenging job

In order to tag a porbeagle, you first have to get it to bite, and then you have to manage to haul it in. That requires strong fishing rods, a strong fishing line, wire and a whole fish as bait. Thanks to invaluable help from experienced fishing guides at Nordic Sea Angling in Lofoten, after two days the researchers managed to catch a porbeagle and get it close to the boat.

Å få håbrann på kroken stiller krav til valg av agn. Her brukes en halv sei til formålet, større enn skoen til forsker Keno Ferter.
You have to choose the right bait if you want a porbeagle to bite. Photo credit: Institute of Marine Research

But the hardest part of the job was still to come. How do you get an untamed shark weighing over 100 kilos to stay still long enough for you to attach the tag to its dorsal fin?

– Well, it is not easy! In order to keep the shark still we put a rope around its body, just in front of the dorsal fin, so that it lay up against the boat while we worked. The porbeagle we caught was around 2.5 metres long and weighed at least 100 kilos, says Keno Ferter.

– It put up a good fight, and it took some time for us to succeed by trial and error. Luckily, we got there in the end, and we are really happy to have demonstrated that it is possible to tag a porbeagle in Norwegian. We also lost another shark from the hook in the final step of the race, but we have learned a lot for next time we do this, says Ferter.

Each species of fish behaves in a completely different way, which means that the researchers have to adapt to their strategy.

– Bluefin tuna, for example, stay completely still provided we manage to get their head above water. The porbeagle, on the other hand, completely loses it if you do that, Ferter explains.

Til slutt fikk forskerne kontroll på den illsinte haien, og gjennomførte en vellykket merking. På bildet ligger håbrannen rolig helt inntil båten.
Finally, the scientists managed to get the furious shark under control and successfully tagged it. In half a year, the tag will release itself, and the scientists will find out more about what porbeagles are up to in Norwegian waters. Photo credit: Institute of Marine Research

Sharks on the Move

The satellite tagging of a porbeagle and basking shark off Lofoten is part of the project “Sharks on the Move”, which is looking at migratory sharks like the porbeagle, basking shark and spurdog. The aim is to learn more about the current and future distribution of these three species in Norwegian waters, using methods including tagging experiments and data modelling.

– The Porbeagle is known for being highly mobile and capable of travelling thousands of kilometres across the whole Atlantic, but unfortunately we know too little about where they spend their time in Norwegian waters and how they migrate, says shark researcher and project manager Claudia Junge.

In half a year the satellite tag will pop up and “send home” data from the first tagged porbeagle (see fact box about the tags). The researchers are aiming to tag a higher number of porbeagles and basking sharks next year. Some of those tags will enable them to follow their migration in real-time.

We would like your help!

Four eyes see better than two, and the Institute of Marine Research would still really appreciate the help of the general public.

If you see a porbeagle, basking shark or anything else unusual in the ocean or along the coast, please report your observation to our portal Marine Citizen Science (“Dugnad for Havet”)!

By doing that, you help us to learn more about ecosystems and the marine environment. And perhaps some researchers are ready to jump on a plane in response.

About the project «Sharks on the Move»

«Sharks on the Move: species distribution modelling of migratory sharks to inform ecosystem-based management under global change» is financed by the Research Council of Norway.

The project is led by the IMR and involves 20 experts from seven scientific partner institutions in Norway and overseas, as well as the Directorate of Fisheries and Runde Miljøsenter AS. The participating research institutions are the IMR, NIVA, NORCE, University of Oslo, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, CIBIO/University of Porto (Portugal) and University of Miami (US).

The project’s advisory board is made up of renowned British and French experts on the movement ecology of sharks, as well as representatives of the Norwegian Environment Agency and Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre.