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Advice on fishing opportunities for Northeast Arctic cod in 2023 in ICES subareas 1 and 2

Author(s): Joint Russian-Norwegian Working Group on Arctic Fisheries (JRN-AFWG)

Report series: IMR-PINRO 2022-3 Published: 06.09.2022 Updated: 15.09.2024
Approved by: Research Director(s): Geir Huse Program leader(s): Maria Fossheim External: Oleg Bulatov (VNIRO)

Stock Name: Northeast Arctic cod (ICES subareas 1 and 2)

 

Advice on fishing opportunities

The Joint Russian-Norwegian Working Group on Arctic Fisheries (JRN-AFWG) advises that when the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission management plan is applied, catches in 2023 should be no more than 566 784 tonnes.

Stock development over time

Fishing pressure on the stock is between Fpa and Flim and within the FMGT range and spawning-stock size is above Bpa and Blim and between the lower and middle breakpoints (SSBMGT values) in the harvest control rule.

graphs, stock development
Figure 1 Cod in ICES subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic). Catch, recruitment, F, SSB and TSB (total stock biomass, age 3+) with 95 % confidence levels. The biomass reference points relate to SSB. For this stock, FMGT ranges from 0.40 to 0.60, and there are three SSB MGT values (460 000, 920 000 and 1 380 000 tonnes).

Catch scenarios

Variable Value Notes
F ages 5–10 (2022) 0.481 Fsq = F2021. From assessment
SSB (2023) 751 297 From assessment
Rage 3 (2022) 476 000 From recruitment model
Rage 3 (2023) 566 000 From recruitment model
Rage 3 (2024) 383 000 From recruitment model
Total catch (2022) 640 700 Corresponding to Fsq
Table 1 Cod in ICES subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic). Assumptions made for the interim year and in the forecast. SSB, catch in tonnes, and recruitment in thousands.
Basis Total catch (2023) Ftotal (2023) SSB(2024) % SSB change * % TAC change ** % Advice change ***
ICES advice basis  
Management plan^ 566 784 0.484 668 851 -11 -20 -20
Other options  
MSY approach: FMSY 487 049 0.40 731 342 -3 -31 -31
F = 0 0 0 1 134 101 51 -100 -100
F = F2021 564 475 0.481 670 645 -11 -20 -20
F= Fpa 487 049 0.40 731 342 -3 -31 -31
F= Flim 775 883 0.74 510 976 -32 10 10
Table 2 Cod in ICES subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic). Annual catch options. All weights are in tonnes.

* SSB 2024 relative to SSB 2023.

** Advice value for 2023 relative to TAC for 2022 (708 480 tonnes).

*** Advice value for 2023 relative to advice for 2022.

^ Since SSB in 2023 is between Bpa = 460 000 tonnes and 2 × Bpa = 920 000 tonnes, F = 0.40 is used in the 3-year prediction, giving catches of 487 049, 476 906 and 468 560   tonnes in 2023, 2024, and 2025, respectively. The average of this is 477 505 tonnes. According to the harvest control rule (HCR), the maximum decrease in TAC is limited by 20%, giving a catch of 566 784 tonnes, which corresponds to an F of 0.484 in 2023.

The advice for 2023 is 20 % lower than the advice for 2022 due to a declining stock trend and the application of the 20% TAC change constraint.

Basis of the advice

Advice basis Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission management plan
Management plan

At the 46th meeting of the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission (JNRFC) in October 2016, the previously used management plan was amended, and the current plan is as follows:

The TAC is calculated as the average catch predicted for the coming 3 years, using the target level of exploitation (Ftr). The target level of exploitation is calculated according to the spawning-stock biomass (SSB) in the first year of the forecast as follows: - if SSB < Bpa , then Ftr = SSB / Bpa  × FMSY ; - if Bpa ≤ SSB ≤ 2×Bpa , then Ftr  = FMSY ; - if 2 × Bpa < SSB < 3 × Bpa , then Ftr  = FMSY  × (1 + 0.5 × (SSB – 2 × Bpa ) / Bpa ); - if SSB ≥ 3 × Bpa , then Ftr  = 1.5 × FMSY ; where FMSY  = 0.40 and Bpa  = 460 000 tonnes.

If the spawning-stock biomass in the present year, the previous year, and each of the three years of prediction is above Bpa , the TAC should not be changed by more than ±20% compared with the previous year’s TAC. In this case, Ftr should however not be below 0.30.

In 2014, JNRFC decided that from 2015 onwards, Norway and Russia can transfer to or borrow from the following year up to 10% of the country's quota. In 2021, this was increased to 15% as an extraordinary measure for transfers between 2021 and 2022 only.

ICES evaluated this harvest control rule in 2016 (ICES, 2016) and 2021 (ICES, 2021) and concluded that it is precautionary.

Table 3 Cod in ICES subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic). The basis of the advice.

Quality of the assessment

 

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Figure 2 Cod in ICES subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic). Historical assessment results. There was a benchmark revision in 2021. The shaded areas indicate the 95% confidence intervals for the 2022 assessment.

Issues relevant for the advice

Due to the temporary suspension of Russian scientists from ICES, this assessment was conducted by a Joint Russian-Norwegian working group on Arctic Fisheries (JRN-AFWG) consisting of scientists from VNIRO (Russia) and IMR (Norway) (Howell et al., 2022).

This advice has been conducted outside ICES and should not be considered as ICES advice. However, this assessment and advice has been produced following the methodology agreed at the ICES benchmark in 2021 (ICES, 2021).

Fisheries targeting Northeast Arctic (NEA) cod take as bycatch a considerable part of the total golden redfish (Sebastes norvegicus) catch, and the bycatch of the latter species is still above any sustainable catch level. Measures to minimize bycatch levels are essential.

Bycatch of coastal cod should be kept as low as possible in order to avoid overfishing of the coastal cod (Gadus morhua) stocks.

The advice this year is considerably lower than last year due to the declining trend in stock size which is confirmed by low survey indices and below average recruitment to the stock.

Reference points

Framework Reference point Value Technical basis Source
MSY approach MSY Btrigger 460 000 t Bpa , and trigger point in HCR ICES (2003, 2021)
FMSY 0.40 – 0.60 Long-term simulations ICES (2003, 2021)
Precautionary approach Blim 220 000 t Change point regression ICES (2003, 2021)
Bpa 460 000 t The lowest SSB estimate having >90% probability of remaining above Blim ICES (2003, 2021)
Flim 0.74 F corresponding to an equilibrium stock = Blim ICES (2003, 2021)
Fpa 0.40 The highest F estimate having >90% probability of remaining below Flim ICES (2003, 2021)
Management plan SSBMGT 460 000 t Two-step (double hockey-stick) HCR, see Table 3 ICES (2017)
FMGT 0.40 – 0.60 Two-step (double hockey-stick) HCR, see Table 3 ICES (2017)
Table 4 Cod in ICES subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic). Reference points, values, and their technical basis.

Basis of the assessment

ICES stock data category 1
Assessment type Age-based analytical assessment (SAM) that uses catches in the model and in the forecast.
Input data Commercial catches (international landings, ages and length frequencies from catch sampling); four survey indices (Joint bottom trawl survey Barents Sea, Jan–Mar; Joint acoustic survey Barents Sea and Lofoten, Feb–Mar; Russian bottom trawl survey, October–December; Joint Ecosystem survey); annual maturity data from the four surveys; natural mortalities from annual stomach sampling.
Discards and bycatch Discarding is considered negligible in recent years (below 5%). Bycatch is included.
Indicators None.
Other information The methodology of assessment adopted by the last ICES benchmark for the stock in February 2021 (ICES, 2021) was followed without exceptions.
Working group Joint Russian-Norwegian working group on Arctic Fisheries (JRN-AFWG).
Table 5 Cod in ICES subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic). Basis of the assessment and advice.

History of the advice, catch, and management

Year ICES advice Catch corresponding to advice Agreed TAC Official catches Unreported landings (included in ICES catches) ICES catches
1987 Gradual reduction in F 595000 560000 552000   523071
1988 F = 0.51; TAC (Advice November 1987, revised advice May 1988) 530000 (320000–360000) 590000 (451000) 459000   434939
1989 Large reduction in F 335000 300000 348000   332481
1990 F at Flow; TAC 172000 160000 210000 25000 212000
1991 F at Flow; TAC 215000 215000 294000 50000 319158
1992 Within safe biological limits 250000 356000 421000 130000 513234
1993 Healthy stock 256000 500000 575000 50000 581611
1994 No long-term gains in increased F 649000 700000 795000 25000 771086
1995 No long-term gains in increased F 681000 700000 763000   739999
1996 No long-term gains in increased F 746000 700000 759000   732228
1997 Well below Fmed < 993000 850000 792000   762403
1998 F less than Fmed 514000 654000 615000   592624
1999 Reduce F to below Fpa 360000 480000 506000   484910
2000 Increase B above Bpa in 2001 110000 390000     414870
2001 High probability of SSB> Bpa in 2003 263000 395000     426471
2002 Reduce F to well below 0.25 181000 395000   90000 535045
2003 Reduce F to below Fpa 305000 395000   115000 551990
2004 Reduce F to below Fpa 398000 486000   117000 606445
2005 Take into account coastal cod and redfish bycatches. Apply catch rule. 485000 485000   166000 641276
2006 Take into account coastal cod and redfish bycatches. Apply amended catch rule. 471000 471000   67100 537642
2007 Take into account coastal cod and redfish bycatches. Fpa 309000 424000   41087 486883
2008 Take into account coastal cod and redfish bycatches. Apply catch rule. 409000 430000   15000 464171
2009 Take into account coastal cod and redfish bycatches. Apply catch rule. 473000 525000   0 523431
2010 Take into account coastal cod and redfish bycatches. Apply catch rule. 577500 607000   0 609983
2011 Take into account coastal cod and redfish bycatches. Apply catch rule. 703000 703000   0 719829
2012 Take into account coastal cod and redfish bycatches. Apply catch rule. 751000 751000   0 727663
2013 Take into account coastal cod and S. marinus ^^ bycatches. Apply catch rule. 940000 1000000   0 966209
2014 Take into account coastal cod and S. marinus^^ bycatches. Apply catch rule. 993000 993000   0 986449
2015 Take into account coastal cod and S. norvegicus bycatches. Apply catch rule. 894000 894000   0 864384
2016 Take into account coastal cod and S. norvegicus bycatches. Apply catch rule. 805000 894000   0 849422
2017 Take into account coastal cod and S. norvegicus bycatches. Apply management plan. ≤ 805000 890000 ^   0 868276
2018 Take into account coastal cod and S. norvegicus bycatches. Apply management plan. 712000 775000   0 778627
2019 Take into account coastal cod and S. norvegicus bycatches. Apply management plan. 674678 725000   0 692609
2020 Apply management plan ≤ 689672 738000   0 692903
2021 Apply management plan ≤ 885600 885600   0 767284^^^
2022 Apply management plan ≤ 708480 708480      
2023 Apply management plan^^^ ≤ 566784        
Table 6 Cod in ICES subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic). ICES advice, agreed TACs, the official and unreported landings, and ICES catches. All weights are in tonnes.

^ The 2017 TAC was set according to the management plan agreed by JNRFC in October 2016.

^^ Until 2014 this species was named Sebastes marinus , thereafter Sebastes norvegicus .

^^^ In 2022 assessment and advice was carried out by the Joint Russian-Norwegian working group on Arctic Fisheries (JRN-AFWG) which compiled catches for 2021 and gave advice for 2023.

History of catch and landings

Year Faroe Islands France German Dem.Rep. Fed.Rep. Germany Greenland Iceland Norway Poland United Kingdom Russia** Spain Others Total
1961 3934 13755 3921 8129     268377 - 158113 325780   1212 783221
1962 3109 20482 1532 6503     225615 - 175020 476760   245 909266
1963 - 18318 129 4223     205056 108 129779 417964   - 775577
1964 - 8634 297 3202     149878 - 94549 180550   585 437695
1965 - 526 91 3670     197085 - 89962 152780   816 444930
1966 - 2967 228 4284     203792 - 103012 169300   121 483704
1967 - 664 45 3632     218910 - 87008 262340   6 572605
1968 - - 225 1073     255611 - 140387 676758   - 1074084
1969 29374 - 5907 5543     305241 7856 231066 612215   133 1197226
1970 26265 44245 12413 9451     377606 5153 181481 276632   - 933246
1971 5877 34772 4998 9726     407044 1512 80102 144802   215 689048
1972 1393 8915 1300 3405     394181 892 58382 96653   166 565287
1973 1916 17028 4684 16751     285184 843 78808 387196   276 792686
1974 5717 46028 4860 78507     287276 9898 90894 540801   38453 1102434
1975 11309 28734 9981 30037     277099 7435 101843 343580   19368 829377
1976 11511 20941 8946 24369     344502 6986 89061 343057   18090 867463
1977 9167 15414 3463 12763     388982 1084 86781 369876   17771 905301
1978 9092 9394 3029 5434     363088 566 35449 267138   5525 698715
1979 6320 3046 547 2513     294821 15 17991 105846   9439 440538
1980 9981 1705 233 1921     232242 3 10366 115194   8789 380434
1981 12825 3106 298 2228     277818   5262 83000 14500 - 399037
1982 11998 761 302 1717     287525   6601 40311 14515 - 363730
1983 11106 126 473 1243     234000   5840 22975 14229 - 289992
1984 10674 11 686 1010     230743   3663 22256 8608 - 277651
1985 13418 23 1019 4395     211065   3335 62489 7846 4330 307920
1986 18667 591 1543 10092     232096   7581 150541 5497 3505 430113
1987 15036 1 986 7035     268004   10957 202314 16223 2515 523071
1988 15329 2551 605 2803     223412   8107 169365 10905 1862 434939
1989 15625 3231 326 3291     158684   7056 134593 7802 1273 332481
1990 9584 592 169 1437     88737   3412 74609 7950 510 187000
1991 8981 975   2613     126226   3981 119427*** 3677 3278 269158
1992 11663 2   3911 3337   168460   6120 182315 6217 1209 383234
1993 17435 3572   5887 5389 9374 221051   11336 244860 8800 3907 531611
1994 22826 1962   8283 6882 36737 318395   15579 291925 14929 28568 746086
1995 22262 4912   7428 7462 34214 319987   16329 296158 15505 15742 739999
1996 17758 5352   8326 6529 23005 319158   16061 305317 15871 14851 732228
1997 20076 5353   6680 6426 4200 357825   18066 313344 17130 13303 762403
1998 14290 1197   3841 6388 1423 284647   14294 244115 14212 8217 592624
1999 13700 2137   3019 4093 1985 223390   11315 210379 8994 5898 484910
2000 13350 2621   3513 5787 7562 192860   9165 166202 8695 5115 414870
2001 12500 2681   4524 5727 5917 188431   8698 183572 9196 5225 426471
2002 15693 2934   4517 6419 5975 202559   8977 184072 8414 5484 445045
2003 19427 2921   4732 7026 5963 191977   8711 182160 7924 6149 436990
2004 19226 3621   6187 8196 7201 212117   14004 201525 11285 6082 489445
2005 16273 3491   5848 8135 5874 207825   10744 200077 9349 7660 475276
2006 16327 4376   3837 8164 5972 201987   10594 203782 9219 6271 470527
2007 14788 3190   4619 5951 7316 199809   9298 186229 9496 5101 445796
2008 15812 3149   4955 5617 7535 196598   8287 190225 9658 7336 449171
2009 16905 3908   8585 4977 7380 224298   8632 229291 12013 7442 523431
2010 15977 4499   8442 6584 11299 264701   9091 267547 12657 9185 609983
2011 13429 1173   4621 7155 12734 331535   8210 310326 13291 17354^ 719829
2012 17523 2841   8500 8520 9536 315739   11166 329943 12814 11081 727663
2013 13833 7858   8010 7885 14734 438734   12536 432314 15042 15263 966209
2014 33298 8149   6225 10864 18205 431846   14762 433479 16378 13243 986449
2015 26568 7480   6427 7055 16120 377983   11778 381778 19905 9880 864384
2016 24084 7946   6336 8607 16031 348949   13583 394107 14640 15139 849422
2017 28637 9554   5977 13638 11925 357419   16731 396180 14414 13802 868276
2018 26152 6605   9768 12743 10708 333539   11533 340364 13143 14071 778627
2019 22270 6371   8470 7553 12294 282120   11214 316813 13939 11565 692609
2020 21679 5796   9725 7391 9734 289472   12113 312683 11403 12908 692903
2021* 21767 4459   6190 8246 8933 337931   5426 352064 11080 11188 767284^^
Table 7 Cod in ICES subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic). History of commercial landings by country. All weights are in tonnes.

* Provisional figures

** USSR prior to 1991.

*** Includes Baltic countries.

^ Includes unspecified EU catches.

^^ In 2022 assessment and advice was carried out by the Joint Russian-Norwegian working group on Arctic Fisheries (JRN-AFWG) which compiled catches for 2021 and gave advice for 2023.

Summary of the assessment

Year Recruitment Spawning-stock biomass Total catch Fishing mortality
Recruitment (Age 3) Low High SSB Low High F (ages 5–10) Low High
thousands tonnes tonnes  
1946 1138875 782138 1658322 952394 800278 1133424 706000 0.25 0.21 0.30
1947 583558 406249 838254 903494 767125 1064105 882017 0.31 0.27 0.36
1948 441494 304979 639116 785218 662089 931244 774295 0.35 0.30 0.40
1949 624817 438580 890135 595220 511235 693002 800122 0.37 0.32 0.42
1950 1024284 721555 1454022 536083 470910 610274 731982 0.38 0.34 0.44
1951 2440524 1722717 3457422 494974 439859 556994 827180 0.41 0.36 0.47
1952 2338131 1665575 3282265 488811 431155 554178 876795 0.46 0.40 0.52
1953 2420273 1727540 3390787 412127 361301 470104 695546 0.41 0.36 0.47
1954 830203 593342 1161619 408122 360653 461838 826021 0.44 0.39 0.50
1955 383411 273881 536744 328050 294286 365688 1147841 0.52 0.46 0.58
1956 747357 535098 1043812 281511 253752 312306 1343068 0.57 0.50 0.64
1957 1431849 1027632 1995065 212384 190996 236168 792557 0.53 0.47 0.60
1958 935015 673291 1298478 205396 182848 230723 769313 0.53 0.47 0.59
1959 1313367 949345 1816972 434343 384862 490185 744607 0.55 0.49 0.61
1960 1480277 1069849 2048160 384643 338373 437241 622042 0.54 0.48 0.61
1961 1552082 1120517 2149864 386423 342928 435434 783221 0.63 0.57 0.71
1962 1252752 903572 1736872 315358 283371 350956 909266 0.74 0.66 0.83
1963 902995 647619 1259074 216125 194637 239986 776337 0.81 0.72 0.91
1964 469311 334131 659181 200521 179765 223675 437695 0.68 0.61 0.76
1965 873429 623953 1222653 108075 96093 121551 444930 0.58 0.51 0.65
1966 1844528 1325158 2567455 120996 108786 134575 483711 0.55 0.49 0.62
1967 1313542 943608 1828505 128675 115600 143229 572605 0.56 0.50 0.63
1968 183211 131394 255461 222846 202698 244998 1074084 0.60 0.54 0.67
1969 110531 79203 154250 148914 134220 165216 1197226 0.71 0.63 0.79
1970 206006 147361 287991 242143 218024 268931 933246 0.70 0.62 0.78
1971 403526 289987 561519 330542 293662 372054 689048 0.65 0.58 0.72
1972 1047601 758424 1447038 353348 311488 400834 565254 0.66 0.59 0.74
1973 1724173 1242601 2392381 334063 290330 384383 792685 0.63 0.56 0.70
1974 566400 413586 775676 158939 135580 186324 1102433 0.61 0.55 0.69
1975 608427 443913 833908 133486 119429 149197 829377 0.66 0.59 0.73
1976 605952 439171 836069 167229 151573 184501 867463 0.71 0.63 0.78
1977 372123 272044 509019 336160 299571 377219 905301 0.82 0.74 0.91
1978 624267 454466 857510 227984 199625 260370 698715 0.85 0.77 0.95
1979 202902 147738 278663 180487 157496 206834 440538 0.77 0.69 0.86
1980 130635 97401 175208 108443 96722 121584 380434 0.76 0.68 0.85
1981 144064 109407 189700 161275 145980 178172 399038 0.79 0.71 0.88
1982 183023 141677 236435 321134 288135 357912 363730 0.77 0.70 0.86
1983 141058 109207 182199 311281 280024 346028 289992 0.79 0.72 0.88
1984 442631 346267 565813 243444 222178 266746 277651 0.87 0.79 0.96
1985 532740 426361 665662 195314 178305 213945 307920 0.81 0.73 0.90
1986 1374811 1088311 1736734 164104 150059 179463 430113 0.87 0.79 0.96
1987 359158 283816 454500 115090 104590 126643 523071 0.93 0.84 1.02
1988 335224 265442 423350 191447 172994 211869 434939 0.88 0.79 0.98
1989 158192 126445 197908 237375 212469 265201 332481 0.67 0.59 0.75
1990 131207 103152 166892 302447 265353 344727 212000 0.42 0.37 0.49
1991 297393 234942 376444 635130 563772 715520 319158 0.41 0.36 0.47
1992 716809 574041 895083 803817 721517 895506 513234 0.49 0.43 0.55
1993 990119 793107 1236070 702294 635110 776585 581611 0.59 0.53 0.65
1994 752658 602055 940934 572233 522081 627203 771086 0.74 0.67 0.83
1995 539812 432099 674374 534987 487262 587387 739999 0.77 0.69 0.85
1996 405894 323974 508530 551598 497542 611527 732228 0.79 0.71 0.88
1997 783453 625057 981989 545940 487868 610924 762403 0.94 0.85 1.03
1998 1059540 842440 1332586 386207 345734 431417 592624 0.94 0.85 1.03
1999 630159 500729 793044 281001 252563 312642 484910 0.94 0.85 1.03
2000 749764 598404 939410 255917 234261 279574 414868 0.85 0.77 0.93
2001 593562 474176 743007 383996 347249 424632 426471 0.74 0.66 0.82
2002 375075 300119 468751 521728 471558 577234 535045 0.68 0.61 0.75
2003 759779 609712 946781 572476 518740 631778 551990 0.63 0.57 0.70
2004 243027 197964 298347 666767 605279 734501 606445 0.70 0.63 0.78
2005 697364 566863 857907 580090 528005 637313 641276 0.70 0.63 0.79
2006 539345 438026 664101 584912 532896 642006 537642 0.60 0.54 0.68
2007 1259517 1017658 1558856 652597 590777 720887 486883 0.44 0.39 0.50
2008 1017985 817139 1268197 724270 655805 799883 464171 0.36 0.31 0.41
2009 590038 472546 736744 1016900 922564 1120883 523430 0.31 0.27 0.35
2010 204469 159393 262293 1250449 1132899 1380195 609983 0.29 0.25 0.33
2011 362283 284905 460676 1814926 1637923 2011058 719830 0.30 0.27 0.35
2012 509539 407251 637518 2037769 1832296 2266284 727663 0.29 0.25 0.33
2013 472255 373147 597686 2271239 2033274 2537056 966209 0.31 0.27 0.36
2014 860386 684467 1081519 2164925 1925998 2433493 986449 0.33 0.29 0.38
2015 457348 367001 569936 1761651 1555581 1995019 864384 0.33 0.29 0.37
2016 289567 229763 364936 1417485 1250256 1607082 849422 0.35 0.31 0.40
2017 788999 627885 991456 1446266 1293939 1616526 868276 0.38 0.33 0.43
2018 510445 395509 658782 1314594 1176049 1469459 778627 0.39 0.34 0.45
2019 666503 516961 859304 1267579 1122835 1430981 692609 0.40 0.35 0.46
2020 568171 429495 751622 1045938 910513 1201505 692903 0.43 0.36 0.51
2021 406025 293498 561694 936281 786002 1115291 767284 0.48 0.39 0.60
2022 476000*     832958 642510 1075459        
Table 8 Cod in ICES subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic). Assessment summary. High and low refer to 95% confidence bounds.

* Recruitment model estimate.

References

Howell et al. 2022. Report of the Joint Russian-Norwegian Working Group on Arctic Fisheries (JRN-AFWG). IMR-PINRO no.6-2022.

ICES. 2003. Report of the Study Group on Biological Reference Points for Northeast Arctic Cod, 13–17 January 2003,

Svanhovd, Norway. ICES CM 2003/ACFM:11. 39 pp.

ICES. 2016. Report of the second Workshop on Management Plan Evaluation on Northeast Arctic cod and haddock and Barents Sea capelin (WKNEAMP-2) , 25-28 January 2016, Kirkenes, Norway. ICES CM 2016/ACOM:47, 76 pp.

ICES. 2017. Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG), 19–25 April 2017, ICES HQ, Copenhagen, Denmark. ICES CM 2017/ACOM:06. 493 pp.

ICES. 2021. Benchmark Workshop for Barents Sea and Faroese Stocks (WKBARFAR 2021).

ICES Scientific Reports. 2021. 3:21. 205 pp. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.7920